Basically, solving the problems of pressure vessels, which includes the initial design of the tank and periodic inspection of the tank for safe operation of the tank, can be divided into two categories: elastic analysis and plastic analysis, which is common among engineers.
Pressure vessels elastic analysis
Stress-Strain diagram is a simple diagram that provides very important information such as yield stress , ultimate stress and toughness and Corresponding data of the strain stress diagram are obtained from a simple tensile test of a standard Dog bone shape sample. This diagram can be divided into the following three stages according to the type of deformation: stage 1- Elastic stage 2- Plastic stage 3- Damage stage
Elastic stage
The elastic phase is the phase in which the deformation is completely reversible. In other words, in each phase of the elastic where the material is located, if the load is removed, the dimensions of the part will return to the original dimensions.
Plastic stage
The plastic stage, which is after the elastic, will cause permanent deformation in the piece. At this stage, if the loading is stopped, some deformation will occur in the part, the value of which can be determined from a connection, will remain inside the part.
Damage stage
The next and last stage is the damage stage, in which the amount of stress exceeds the tolerance of the piece and the piece reaches the point of rupture. Usually in the design phase of pressure vessels , the design should be done in a way that has a reliable distance from this stage.
The damage stage approach is used in periodic tank inspections to ensure safe operation of the tank to prevent tank failure.
Theories of elastic analysis
Solving the problems related to pressure vessels by elastic method is based on the principle that the thickness of the main shell of the tanks, based on the stresses created in the tank, is considered in such a way that the level of existing stresses Less than the required amount, which can cause permanent deformation in the tank. For this, it should be borne in mind that there are many relationships for it, some of the most important of which are used in the elastic analysis of the tank. The following three theories are most used for pressure vessels elastic analysis: 1) The theory of maximum maximum stress 2) The theory of maximum shear stress 3) The theory of torsional energy
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